.Net Basic terminology

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.Net Basic terminology

1 What is the CLR?

CLR: Common Language Run-time.

 The Common Language Run-time, the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET framework, manages the execution of .NET programs. A process known as just-in-time compilation converts compiled code into machine instructions which the computer's CPU then executes.[1] The CLR provides additional services including 
  • Object-oriented programming model (inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, garbage collection)
  • Security model
  • Type system
  • All .NET base classes
  • Many .NET framework classes
  • Development, debugging, and profiling tools
  • Execution and code management
  • IL-to-native translators and optimizers
 All versions of the .NET framework include CLR.

2 What is the CTS?

CTS: Common Type System. 
This is the range of types that .NET run-time understands, and .NET applications can use. However not all .NET languages will support all the types in the CTS. The CTS is a super-set of the CLS.

3 What is the CLS?

CLS: Common Language Specification. 
Any application which uses CLS-compliant types can inter-operate with any .NET program written in any language. This is a subset of the CTS which all .NET languages are expected to support.This allows very tight interop between different .NET languages - for example allowing a C# class to inherit from a VB class.

4 What is IL?

IL: Intermediate Language. 
Other Names: MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). 
All .NET supported language source code  is compiled to IL. The IL is then converted to machine code at the point where the software is installed, or at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler.

5 What is C#?

C# is a programming language designed by Microsoft to work with the .NET framework. 
"C# is a simple, modern, object oriented, and type-safe programming language derived from C and C++. C# is pronounced “C sharp” .C# aims to combine the high productivity of Visual Basic and the raw power of C++."

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